Public Perception of Noise

1. Introduction

Noise pollution has become one of the emerging issues in the Galápagos island ecosystems, affecting both the well-being of the population and the ecological integrity of endemic species highly sensitive to noise. In a context where urban, tourist, maritime, and construction activities converge, understanding how noise is perceived and what its main sources are is essential to guide environmental management strategies. In this sense, this report brings together the results of the Citizen Perception Report on Noise, developed within the framework of the project “Acoustic Pollution in the Coastal Ecosystems of Santa Cruz and Baltra Islands,” funded by the Galapagos Life Fund (GLF). The central objective is to characterize the knowledge, perceptions, and experiences of the local community regarding noise, identifying the most affected places, critical times, predominant sources, and the population’s willingness to participate in awareness and environmental management activities. The information was obtained through a structured physical and digital survey, applied to 383 residents on Santa Cruz Island. The results allow for a social baseline that guides environmental education, regulation, communication, and land-use planning actions, in addition to providing key inputs for acoustic monitoring, the protection of native species, and the improvement of the quality of life in the archipelago’s urban areas. www.galapagos-oag.org

2. Objective

To characterize citizen perception of noise pollution in Santa Cruz and Baltra, identifying the main sources, critical places and times, as well as the population’s willingness to participate in awareness actions.

3. Work Methodology

The work methodology was based on the application of a structured survey, both physical and digital, with open access to the resident population and local stakeholders. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used, preceded by a pilot test for validation and followed by a basic data cleaning process. The information collected was minimally disaggregated by sex and age group, ensuring an inclusive participation approach.

4. Survey Design

The surveys were conducted with the general citizenship of Santa Cruz and Baltra islands, which allowed for an understanding of their perception regarding the noise level in the territory. This information is fundamental for designing key strategies based on the results obtained. The survey design consists of 21 questions developed in Google Forms, which include various types of items, such as multiple choice, scales, and text boxes. Both closed and open-ended questions were used for its design, allowing for specific responses and, in turn, complementing the information through contributions expressed directly by the respondents. Below is the link to the Google Forms document: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1c_2qrICr3BhP6eGzay7EuVGEVzKV7LF5sOd2MfKYn0c/edit www.galapagos-oag.org

5. Tabulation of the Surveys

Below are the results obtained from the analysis of the 383 surveys conducted. This analysis aims to identify the level of knowledge, perception, experiences, and attitudes of the local community toward noise pollution.

a) General Data Question

1. Age of the respondent:

I understand. Here is the exact, literal translation of the second part, preserving the original structure, formatting, and the “Analysis” headers as requested.


Analysis: The distribution by age range shows that most of the respondents are concentrated between 19 and 30 years old (37.9%), followed by the 31 to 45 age group (29.2%), evidencing that the perception of noise pollution comes mainly from the young and economically active population. To a lesser extent, people from 46 to 60 years old (15.1%) and adolescents from 14 to 18 years old (13.1%) participated, while older adults represent the lowest percentage (4.4%).

Since the survey was conducted online, it is important to consider that the young population uses social networks more frequently, which may generate more participation from this age group when planning future data collection strategies.

Question 2. Sex:

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Analysis: The distribution by sex shows that the majority of people surveyed identify as female (55.9%), while 44.1% correspond to the male sex, with no records in the “prefer not to say” option. This indicates a greater participation of women in the survey, suggesting that the perception of noise pollution in Santa Cruz and Baltra is slightly more influenced by the female experience.

Question 3. Occupation:

No.Occupation
1Student
2Public or private employee
3Independent professional
4Merchant
5Retired
6Business owner
7Entrepreneur / shipping agent
8Graduate
9Housewife
10Tourism
11Businessman/woman
12Own business
13Independent entrepreneur
14Sailor

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Analysis: The distribution by occupation shows that the highest proportion of respondents corresponds to public or private employees (42.4%), indicating that a large part of the perceptions about noise pollution come from people who carry out work activities and who, therefore, are exposed to various urban and operational environments of Santa Cruz and Baltra. In second place, students stand out (27.4%), a key group due to their constant presence in educational spaces, transit zones and community areas where noise can affect learning and concentration.

Likewise, 21.8% correspond to independent professionals, while merchants represent 4.5%. Other occupations, such as retirees, business owners, shipping agents, graduates, and others, are distributed in the remaining 3.9%.

Altogether, these data reflect that the collected perception comes mainly from people active in the labor and academic fields, which allows for an understanding of the problem from those who interact most with the sound environment of the islands.

Question 4. Do you have any disability?

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Analysis: The tabulation shows that 98.2% of the respondents do not have a disability, while only a minimal percentage indicated that they do. This distribution evidences that the perception of noise pollution comes almost entirely from people who do not have physical and/or sensory impairments, which implies that the perspective of groups potentially more vulnerable to noise, such as people with hearing, cognitive or mobility disabilities, is practically absent in the results. Although the impact of noise may be different in these segments, their low representation limits the analysis from an inclusive approach.

Question 5. Are you a resident of Galapagos?

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Analysis: The tabulation shows that 95% of those surveyed are residents of Galapagos, while only 5% indicated that they are not. This reflects that the information collected comes almost entirely from people living on the islands, which strengthens the validity of the study, as their perceptions are based on continuous exposure to the local sound environment in Santa Cruz and Baltra.

Question 6. Which island do you live on?

Analysis: It is shown that the majority of respondents reside on Santa Cruz Island, representing 97.3% of the responses, while Baltra and the rest of the islands register minimal participation. This predominance indicates that the collected perception comes almost exclusively from inhabitants of Santa Cruz.

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Question 7. Which neighborhood do you live in?

Analysis: The distribution of responses among the different sectors reflects a balanced panorama, without a marked concentration in a single area. The highest percentage corresponds to La Cascada (10%), followed by Bellavista with 8% and although it is not a neighborhood but a rural parish, it is maintained as reported by the people surveyed. It is followed by El Edén (7%), as well as Miraflores and Las Pampas Coloradas which register similar percentages, with 7% each. For their part, Alborada, Arrayanes, La Unión and El Mirador reach 6%, and Central presents the lowest frequency within the group, with 4%.

Although residents from a larger number of sectors participated, the graph only shows the top 10 most frequent among those surveyed. Together, this distribution evidences a diverse and representative participation of different areas of Santa Cruz, which contributes to obtaining a broader and more precise vision of citizen perception regarding noise pollution.

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b) General knowledge

Question 8. Have you heard before about the concept of noise pollution?

Analysis: It is shown that the majority of respondents (72.3%) have heard of the concept of noise pollution before, indicating a high level of familiarity with the subject within the population consulted. In contrast, 19.4% state that they have not heard of it, while 8.4% express not being sure, evidencing that, although general knowledge is broad, there is still a minority group that lacks clarity on the concept. This suggests that information campaigns should continue to be strengthened to reach those who still do not have knowledge or have limited knowledge.

Question 10. Do you know or have you heard about the noise pollution project, funded by the Galapagos Life Fund (GLF), which carries out noise monitoring in Santa Cruz and Baltra islands?

Analysis: The result shows that the majority of respondents (77.4%) do not know or have not heard about the noise pollution project funded by the Galapagos Life Fund (GLF), which evidences low dissemination or limited reach of this initiative among the population. Only 22.6% claim to have knowledge of the project, indicating that, although an informed group exists, it represents a minority. These data highlight the need to strengthen communication, socialization and visibility of the project, especially considering its relevance for noise monitoring on the islands of Santa Cruz and Baltra.

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c) Perception of the environment

Question 11. How often do you perceive high noise in your environment?

Analysis: The results show that the perception of high noise is frequent among those surveyed. 33.3% state that they perceive it often, followed by 30.2% who hear it sometimes, and 21% who experience it always. This indicates that more than half of the population regularly lives with high noise levels. In contrast, 14.7% report perceiving it rarely, and a minimal percentage report never having heard it. Together, the data evidence that noise is a present and recurrent factor in the daily environment, which reinforces the importance of addressing the problem of noise pollution in the islands.

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Question 12. In which places on the island do you perceive the most noise?

Analysis: The tabulation evidences that the places where citizens perceive higher noise levels are mainly the pier (44%), followed by the downtown streets (36%) and the surroundings of schools or markets with 15%. These spaces concentrate the highest commercial, tourist and transport activity in Santa Cruz, which explains their high presence in the answers. In addition, neighborhoods (3%) and the Baltra airport (2%) were also mentioned, reflecting that they also contribute to the sound perception. Together, the data show that the perception of noise is closely related to the spaces where logistical, commercial and transport activities converge.

Question 13. What do you think is the main source of noise?

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Analysis: The tabulation shows that 69% of the responses attribute the main sources of noise to vehicular traffic, loud music or parties, tourist activities and construction activities. These elements evidence that noise pollution in Santa Cruz is strongly associated with daily and recreational activities that intensify with the increase in urban movement, the presence of visitors and the development of works. Secondly, 29% of people identify boats or launches as a significant contribution to noise, especially in coastal zones and areas with frequent maritime traffic. Finally, airplanes represent 2%, being a less common but equally perceptible source for certain sectors. Altogether, the data reveal that noise on the island comes mainly from land and sea mobility, as well as recreational and construction activities.

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d) Perceived impact

Question 14. Do you consider that noise negatively affects your quality of life or that of your community?

Analysis: The tabulation shows that a vast majority of those surveyed, 73.3%, consider that noise does negatively affect their quality of life or that of their community. Only 14.9% indicate that they do not perceive a negative impact, while 11.8% indicate that they do not know if there is an effect or not. These results reflect a generalized perception of discomfort and affectation, which evidences that noise pollution is a real problem present in the daily life of the inhabitants of Santa Cruz and Baltra. Furthermore, the percentage of people who are not clear about the impact suggests the need for greater dissemination regarding the effects of noise on community well-being.

Question 15. Do you believe that noise can affect marine and terrestrial endemic species of the Galapagos Islands?

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Analysis: The majority of respondents, with 85.9%, consider that noise can indeed affect marine and terrestrial endemic species of the Galapagos Islands, evidencing high awareness of this environmental impact. 10.4% stated that perhaps noise could generate affectations, which reflects some doubt or lack of information, while a minimal percentage (3.7%) indicated that noise does not represent an impact. Together, the results show a broad consensus regarding the need to pay attention to the effects of noise on the endemic fauna of the archipelago.

Question 16. In your opinion, what consequences does noise pollution have on daily life or on the environment?

Daily life

  • “You cannot rest because of loud music”.

  • “Causes irritation and bad mood”.

  • “Causes insomnia and stress”.

  • “Affects daily performance”.

  • “In restaurants you have to shout to be heard”.

  • “Bars and tourists generate excessive noise”.

  • “There are fights in public areas on weekends”.

  • “Lack of awareness aggravates the problem”.

Environment

  • “Birds disperse to other places”.

  • “Their communication and reproduction patterns are affected”.

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  • “Animals move away from their natural habitat”.

  • “Affects nature tourism”.

Featured quotes:

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Analysis: The answers from the surveyed people evidence that noise pollution directly affects the daily life of the population, generating difficulties to rest due to loud music, as well as irritation, bad mood, insomnia and stress, which negatively impacts daily performance. Likewise, in public and commercial spaces, such as restaurants, excessive noise forces people to raise their voices to maintain conversations, while bars and the presence of tourists intensify the problem, even triggering conflicts in public areas during weekends. To this is added the perception that the lack of citizen awareness contributes to worsening the situation.

Regarding the environment, the public recognizes that noise causes the dispersal of birds and other animals, alters their communication and reproduction patterns, and pushes them away from their natural habitat, also affecting the quality of nature tourism. Altogether, the testimonies reflect that noise pollution has consequences both for human well-being and for the ecological integrity of the environment.

e) Actions and participation

Question 17. Would you be interested in participating in awareness activities, workshops or campaigns on this topic?

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Analysis: The majority of respondents, with 51.1%, expressed interest in participating in awareness activities, workshops or campaigns related to the impact of noise on the community and on Galapagos species. 37.6% indicated that they might participate, suggesting an openness conditioned on factors such as time availability or more information. Only 11.3% responded that they would not be interested. These results reflect a good disposition of the public toward educational and environmental awareness initiatives.

Question 18. What media do you prefer for information or participation?

Analysis: The results show that the vast majority of the people surveyed prefer to be informed or participate through social networks such as Facebook, Instagram and TikTok, as well as through educational workshops, representing 67% of the responses. This evidences a marked inclination toward digital media and training spaces that facilitate immediate communication and access to relevant content.

In second place is local radio with 22%, indicating that, although its reach is smaller, it remains an important medium for certain groups of the community. Finally, community meetings appear with 11%, reflecting that, while they are valued as spaces for direct participation, they do not constitute the primary route of access to information for the majority of the population. Altogether, the data suggest that communication strategies should prioritize digital platforms and complement their reach with traditional media such as radio and face-to-face activities.

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Question 19. Do you have any suggestions on how to reduce noise in Santa Cruz?

1. Education and awareness

  • Community campaigns.

  • Education for transporters and local business owners.

  • Awareness about health, coexistence and well-being.

2. Ordinances, control and sanctions

  • Strict and enforced municipal ordinance.

  • High fines for those who exceed permitted levels.

  • Permanent control of establishments, events and businesses.

3. Transport and vehicular control

  • Regulation of noisy motorcycles and cars.

  • Mandatory silencers.

  • Control of speed and circulation.

4. Regulation of establishments and nightlife

  • Control of bars, restaurants, billiards and nightclubs.

  • Prohibition of music facing the outside.

  • Reduction or elimination of events in piers and parks.

5. Construction and works

  • Specific schedules.

  • Prohibition of welding or cutting iron in populated areas.

  • Acoustic conditioning in works and coliseums.

6. Special zones and urban planning

  • Noise-free zones (hospitals, schools, residential areas).

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  • Suitable spaces for concerts or massive events.

7. Fauna and protected areas

  • Prohibit noise near the coast or areas of vulnerable species.

  • Compliance with Galapagos National Park regulations.

Featured quotes:

Analysis: Citizens’ suggestions for reducing noise in Santa Cruz reflect a strong demand for comprehensive actions that combine education, control and planning. First, the need for awareness campaigns directed at both the community and transporters and business owners is highlighted, emphasizing the effects of noise on health and coexistence. In parallel, many people consider it essential to have a stricter municipal ordinance, accompanied by effective sanctions and permanent controls on establishments, events and businesses. Regarding transport, it is proposed to regulate noisy motorcycles and vehicles through the mandatory use of silencers and the strengthening of speed and circulation control. The ordering of nightlife is also mentioned, recommending more rigorous inspections of bars, restaurants and nightclubs, as well as the prohibition of music facing the outside and the reduction of events in public spaces.

Regarding construction, the community suggests establishing defined schedules, restricting noisy activities in populated areas and improving the acoustic conditioning of works and coliseums. Other proposals include the creation of special noise-free zones and the designation of suitable areas for massive events, in addition to protecting fauna by prohibiting noise in coastal areas or near sensitive species, reinforcing Galapagos National Park regulations. Altogether, these recommendations evidence that the population perceives noise pollution as a multi-sectoral problem that requires coordinated actions between authorities, businesses and citizens.

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f) Accessibility and participation

Question 20. Have you had difficulties accessing environmental information in your community due to any physical condition, language or medium?

Analysis: The results indicate that the vast majority of respondents (76.4%) have not had difficulties accessing environmental information in their community, suggesting that, in general, the available channels are accessible to the population. However, 12.9% do report having faced difficulties, which evidences that there is a group that still encounters barriers related to physical conditions, language or media. In addition, 10.8% preferred not to answer, which could reflect personal reservations or lack of knowledge on the subject. Therefore, although access to information is mostly adequate, the data point to the importance of continuing to strengthen inclusion and accessibility in environmental disclosure.

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Question 21. What could we do to ensure that all groups (women, people with disabilities, youth, older adults, tourists, etc.) participate in this project?

1. Communication and dissemination

  • Social networks, radio, news programs, websites.

  • Brochures, infographics, videos with subtitles.

  • Simple, accessible language and in several languages.

2. Awareness in key spaces

  • Library, community centers, neighborhood events, schools, San Francisco park.

3. Inclusion and accessibility

  • Materials in sign language.

  • Information in Braille or easy reading.

  • Accessible spaces for people with disabilities.

  • Flexible hours for women, youth and older adults.

4. Articulation with institutions

  • Schools, high schools, women’s collectives, disability associations.

  • Chamber of tourism, Municipal GAD, and neighborhood representatives.

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5. Participation from planning

  • Include each group from the beginning.

  • Spokespersons by sector (youth, older adults, women, tourism).

  • Spaces for feedback and monitoring.

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Analysis: The community’s responses evidence a strong interest in ensuring that all population groups participate equitably in the project, highlighting the importance of inclusive and accessible communication strategies. It is proposed to diversify dissemination channels through social networks, radio, websites and visual materials such as brochures, infographics and videos with subtitles, using clear language available in several languages to include both residents and tourists. Likewise, it is suggested to take the information to key community meeting spaces such as the library, neighborhood centers, schools and San Francisco park, to ensure that the message reaches different audiences.

In terms of accessibility, citizens highlight the need for materials in sign language, information in Braille or easy reading, and the adaptation of physical spaces for people with disabilities, as well as flexible hours that facilitate the participation of women, youth and older adults. Similarly, it is considered fundamental to coordinate efforts with educational institutions, social collectives, disability associations, the tourism sector and the Municipal GAD to strengthen the call and reach of the project. Finally, the community emphasizes the importance of involving each group from the early stages, promoting representative spokespersons and enabling continuous feedback mechanisms, which would allow for the construction of a more inclusive, collaborative and sustained participatory process over time.

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6. Key Conclusions

The results of the study evidence that noise pollution is a widely shared concern by the community of Santa Cruz and Baltra. A significant majority considers that noise affects their quality of life, causing sleep problems, stress, irritability and affectations in daily coexistence. Likewise, there is a clear consensus regarding the impact of noise on coastal marine and terrestrial fauna, whose communication and behavior patterns can be altered by constant exposure to intense sounds.

The main sources of noise identified include vehicular traffic, loud music, tourist activities and construction activities (69%), as well as maritime traffic (29%). The most critical places correspond to the pier (44%), the downtown streets (36%) and the surroundings of schools or markets (15%), coinciding with areas of high human activity.

Although there is a high level of knowledge about noise pollution (72.3%), the majority of the population is unaware of the existence of the project funded by the GLF (77.4%), which highlights the need to strengthen institutional communication. At the same time, citizen interest in participating in educational and awareness activities is high (51.1%), showing a favorable scenario for promoting inclusive and sustained community processes.

Altogether, the findings reflect that noise is an environmental, social and logistical challenge that requires multi-sectoral action, coordinating public institutions, the private sector, local organizations and citizens to reduce its impact and promote a healthy environment compatible with conservation.

7. Operating Recommendations

The following operating recommendations bring together the key actions identified from the analysis of citizen perception and the main problems related to noise pollution in Santa Cruz and Baltra. Their purpose is to guide concrete and coordinated interventions between institutions, the private sector and the community, in order to improve noise management, protect marine-coastal fauna and strengthen inclusive participation in the project. These actions are grouped into strategic areas covering communication, education, regulation, mobility, conservation, accessibility and community participation mechanisms. Below:

a) Communication, information and visibility of the project

  • Strengthen the dissemination of the GLF project through social networks, radio, community fairs, schools and high-traffic spaces.

  • Develop accessible materials: simple brochures, videos with subtitles, infographics and content in several languages aimed at residents and tourists.

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  • Install periodic information points in San Francisco Park, the pier and Saturday fairs.

  • Design a continuous communication plan with the Municipal GAD, Galapagos National Park and local collectives.

b) Education and awareness

  • Implement workshops in schools, neighborhoods and strategic sectors to explain the effects of noise on people and fauna.

  • Incorporate educational activities for transporters, tourist operators and owners of commercial establishments.

  • Develop thematic campaigns on health, coexistence and protection of species sensitive to noise.

c) Regulation, control and ordinances

  • Strengthen (if it exists) the municipal ordinance on maximum noise levels and guarantee its compliance.

  • Implement a system of effective sanctions for establishments and activities that exceed permitted limits.

  • Establish time slots for construction works and noisy activities.

  • Control the use of music facing the outside in bars, restaurants and nightclubs.

  • Review urban planning to define noise-free zones and areas intended exclusively for massive events.

d) Transport and mobility

  • Require the use of silencers on motorcycles and cars.

  • Implement speed and circulation control campaigns, especially in residential and school zones.

  • Evaluate the regulation of maritime traffic.

e) Protection of marine-coastal fauna

  • Establish noise restrictions near sea lion colonies, birds and breeding areas in marine-coastal zones.

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  • Supervise public events in sensitive areas to avoid affecting endemic species.

  • Coordinate actions with the Galapagos National Park to strengthen controls.

f) Inclusion and accessibility

  • Create information materials in sign language or easy-to-read formats.

  • Ensure that participation spaces are accessible to people with disabilities and older adults.

  • Adapt meeting and workshop schedules to facilitate the attendance of women, youth and working families.

  • Systematically record sex/age/zone in all activities for inclusion monitoring.

  • Include representatives of each social group from the planning and monitoring of the project.

g) Community participation mechanisms

  • Enable a permanent system of complaints or alerts via QR and/or digital form to monitor citizen suggestions.

  • Hold periodic feedback meetings in neighborhoods.

  • Create sector spokespersons (youth, older adults, women, tourism, commerce).

  • Publish the progress of acoustic monitoring in a simple and accessible way for the entire community.